Master in English
Why MA English at RR campus?
- We have experienced faculty with foreign university degree
- We have regular classes
- We conduct classes in conducive and home-like environment
- We launch classes with power point
- We run regular formative exams to strengthen our pupils academically
- We offer academic counseling for further and abroad studies┬а
- We focus on amiable socialization
- We enthuse pupils┬а for academic research writing via term papers
Introduction
The M.A. English courses offer students insight into literature, language, culture, and history.
Besides studying required core courses that reflect the nature of the discipline, students will have the
flexibility of selecting courses from different areas such as language, literature, rhetoric and humanities.
While retaining the fundamental philosophy of humanities educationтАФcultivation of humanistic values
and critical thinkingтАФthis syllabus aims at developing studentsтАЩ creative, critical, and communicative
skills that they need in their academic and professional life. Focus on writing, intensive study of literary
genres, emphasis on interpretive and cultural theories, and the incorporation of interdisciplinary and
comparative study are some of the underlying features of the courses. The syllabus requires a
participatory and inquiry-based pedagogy for effective teaching and learning.
The courses seek to:
яВ╖ develop linkage between the B. A. English syllabus and the M. Phil. syllabus,
яВ╖ apply traditional and modern literary theories while reading and teaching literary texts,
яВ╖ train students to use English for effective communication,
яВ╖ help students produce creative and critical writing,
яВ╖ sharpen students creative and critical thinking,
яВ╖ cater to studentsтАЩ need of gaining knowledge of literature and ideas,
яВ╖ provide flexibility to the teachers in developing courses of their interests,
яВ╖ develop courses that emphasize close reading and relationship among form, content and
context,
яВ╖ ensure application of critical theories in the interpretation of texts, and
яВ╖ adopt interdisciplinary methods and approaches, and
яВ╖ enable students to comprehend and respond to issues and problems.
Objectives
The syllabus reflects the current trends in English Studies that have radically expanded the scope
of the discipline. Taking into account the curriculum models adopted in many universities across the
world, it recognizes and draws upon multiple traditions, communities, and literatures. The syllabus,
therefore, comprises of a productive mix of canonical and non-canonical texts, traditionally-recognized
literary and semi-literary genres, and expressive artifacts from multiple cultural traditions. The goal is to
enable students to read, interpret and critique texts in a wide range of modes, genres and media. The
syllabus, hence, envisions the following general objectives:
яВ╖ to realign the canons and methods,
яВ╖ to stress interrelationship among literary criticism, theory and cultural studies,
яВ╖ to foster critical and creative thinking,
яВ╖ to promote research in the humanities,
яВ╖ to give exposure to a wide range of global literary texts, and
яВ╖ to introduce area studies.
Course Structure and Teaching Program
In order for students to be awarded MA degree in English, they will have to successfully
complete 20 courses, each carrying 3 credits. The courses will be offered over 4 semesters. The syllabus
consists of courses, grouped under тАЬrequiredтАЭ and тАЬelectives.тАЭ While courses grouped under тАЬrequiredтАЭ
are compulsory, students will have the flexibility of selecting courses from the тАЬelectiveтАЭ groups. Each
semester, students will have to complete 5 courses, worth 15 credits.
Eligibility for Admission
Students holding a bachelorтАЩs degree in English from any university recognized by Tribhuvan
University shall be considered eligible to apply for admission to M.A. English program. An applicant
seeking admission must take Entrance Examination as required by the DeanтАЩs Office, Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences. Admissions will be based strictly on merit.
Program Policies
Attendance: Six hours of absences in a course constitute grounds for failure in the course.
Plagiarism: Plagiarism refers to the appropriation of anotherтАЩs work and the unacknowledged submission
or incorporation of that work as oneтАЩs own offered for credit. Appropriation includes quoting or
paraphrasing of anotherтАЩs work without giving credit thereof. In case of plagiarism, students will be
penalized. Depending on the severity of the case, punishment may range from failing the assignment to
expulsion from the program.
Research and Thesis
In the fourth semester, students will have an opportunity to opt for a thesis, worth 3 credits. In order to
meet the thesis requirement, students will have to submit 1) Review of Literature relevant to the research
topic (10-15 pages in length) and 2) a well-researched paper (20-25 pages in length) that engages with the
existing scholarship and presents a persuasive argument on issues related to language, literature, culture,
and/ or theory. Candidates also will have to go through an oral examination (viva voce) and defend their
positions. The oral examination will consist of 25% of the total thesis grade.
Evaluation Scheme and Examinations
Course outcomes will be evaluated through a continuous internal evaluation system and end-of-semester
final examinations.
Internal (continuous) Evaluation: Except for the writing-intensive courses, the internal continuous
evaluation for each course comprises of 40% of the total grade, distributed as follows:
яВ╖ One research essay of 5-7 pages (double-spaced) 50% of Internal Grade
яВ╖ Mid-term examination 30% of Internal Grade
яВ╖ Presentation, attendance, participation, reading quizzes, etc. 20% of Internal Grade
Final Examinations: There will be final examinations for each course at the end of the semester, and
they carry 60% of the total grade.
Grading System
Each course carries 3 credits with 48 teaching hours, spread over 16 weeks. The final grade for each
course will be reported in a letter grade, indicated by the letters A, A-, B+, B, B-, and F. To pass a course,
students must receive a B grade. The Cumulative Grade Point will be calculated on the scale of 4 as
indicated below.
Letter Grades┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аGrade Points┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аEquivalent Numerical Grade Points┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аPerformance Remarks
A┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а 4.0┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а90 and above┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аDistinction
A-┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а3.7┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а80-89.9┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аVery good
B+┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а3.3┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а 70-79.9┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а First Division
B┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а3.0┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а 60-69.9┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а Second Division
B-┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а2.7┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а50-59.9┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аPass in individual subject
F┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а 0┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аbelow 50┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬а ┬аFail
Courses Offered at RR Campus
The following is the list of courses offered during the entire MA program, spread over 4 semesters.
First Semester
(Required Courses)
ENGL 551 Introduction to Literature and Literary Analysis
ENGL 552 Academic Writing (I)
ENGL 553 Literary Criticism
ENGL 554 Ideas and Themes in Poetry
ENGL 555 Themes and Trends in Fiction
Second Semester
(Required Courses)
ENGL 556 History of British and American Literature
ENGL 557 Critical Stylistics
ENGL 558 Modern and Contemporary Literary Theory
(Any two courses)
ENGL 559 Postcolonial Studies
ENGL 560 Travel Writing
ENGL 561 Non-fiction (from the Margin)
ENGL 562 Literature of War, Conflict and Trauma
ENGL 563 Media Studies
ENGL 564 Environmental Literature and Criticism
ENGL 565 ChildrenтАЩs Literature
Third Semester
(Required Courses)
ENGL 552. 1 British and American Drama
ENGL 552.2 Ideas and Themes in Contemporary Poetry
ENGL 552.3 Academic Writing (II)
(Any two courses)
ENGL 552.4 Nepal Studies
ENGL 552. 5 South Asian Studies
ENGL 552.6 19
th
century studies
ENGL 552.6 Modernist Studies
ENGL 552.7 Gender and Masculinity Studies
ENGL 552.8 Life Writing and Autobiography
ENGL 552.9 Literature and History
ENGL 552.10 Translation Studies
Fourth Semester
(Required courses)
ENGL 553.1 Experimental Fiction
ENGL 553.2 Cultural Studies
ENGL 553.3 Language and Communication
(Any two courses)
ENGL 553.4 Postmodernist Studies
ENGL 553.5 Performance and Theatre Studies
ENGL 553.6 Single Author
ENGL 553.7 Thesis Writing
ENGL 553.8 Economics and Literature
ENGL 553.9 Interpersonal Communications
ENGL 553.10 English Language Teaching (ELT)
Masters in Sociology
Why do We Study Sociology at Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus?
Sociology is an increasingly popular subject in the Tribhuwan University. Thousands of students have been admitted in this subject annually in different colleges. Significant number of students in sociology have been admitted each year in Ratna Rajya Laxmi campus. Here are five very good reasons to study Sociology at RR Campus.
- We have young energetic team
- Sound educational environment
- Sociology students report high levels of student satisfaction┬а
- Past Result is better
- RR campus is centrally located
- Evening shift for MA semester and day shift for BA program is available
Introduction
Sociology is the scientific study of human society. Main objective of sociology is to study human interaction scientifically and analyze the relationship between human and society. It studies the facts about how individuals are associated with and affected by each other. Hence, sociology is the subject that concerns with human and his/her relationship with institutions like family, education, economy, religion, politics, law and alike. It explains us how and why human behaviors are shaped by local, regional, national and global context. Multiple aspects of individuals and society are studied in sociology.
Through its different theoretical perspectives sociology as a leading subject in social science deals how society can be understood? What kind of relationship exists between society and human beings? How to understand critically the social issues and its processes? How to understand the relationship between individuals and units of social structure? Thus, students who have been well trained in sociology know how to think critically about human social life, social process, social change and development as well.
Eligibility for Admission
Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus is offering Bachelor’s degree and Master’s degree program in sociology. A BachelorтАЩs Degree in any discipline with any subject from TU or any other universities recognised by TU are eligible to apply for M. A. Programme in sociology. Similarly, with + 2 level in any subject are eligible to apply for Bachelor of Arts (BA) in sociology. An applicant seeking admission to M.A. Sociology must appear in an entrance examination of one hourтАЩs duration conducted by the Office of the Dean, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University.
Curriculum Structure of Master’s Level in Sociology
The course Sociology offers altogether 18 papers and a compulsory thesis in fourth semester. Out of them there are 14 compulsory papers from first to fourth semester.
First Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | So561 | Introduction to Sociology | 3 |
Required |
2. | So562 | Qualitative Research Methods in Sociology | 3 | |
3. | So563 | Structural-functional Approach | 3 | |
4. | So564 | Caste and Class | 3 | |
5. | So565 | Theories of Social Change and Development | 3 |
Second Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | So571 | Marxist Perspective | 3 |
Required |
2. | So572 | Quantitative Research Methods in Sociology | 3 | |
3. | So573 | Practice of Social Change and Development in Asia | 3 | *Optional any three |
4. | So574 | Politics and Society: Interface between Nation, State and the Globe | 3 | |
5. | So575 | Sociology of Health | 3 | |
6. | So576 | Household and Family in Transition | 3 |
Third Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | So581 | World-System Perspective | 3 |
Required |
2. | So582 | Basic Statistics in Sociological Research** | 3 | |
3. | So583 | Sociology of Gender | 3 |
*Optional any three |
4. | So584 | Identity, Inequality and Intersectionality | 3 | |
5. | So585 | Migration, Social Network, Remittance and Development | 3 | |
6. | So586 | Sociology of Ageing and Disability | 3 | |
7. | So587 | Power Leadership, Governmentality, and Development | 3 | |
8. | So588 | Urban Sociology | 3 | |
9. | So589 | Sociology of Disaster | 3 |
Fourth Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | So 591 | Agency/Micro versus Structure/Macro Perspectives | 3 |
Required |
2. | So 592 | Survey Research and Computer Data Analysis┬а (Practical)** | 3 | |
3. | So 593 | Thesis | 6 | |
4. | So 594 | Gender, Power and Sexuality | 3 |
*Optional any one |
5. | So 595 | Changing Livelihoods | 3 | |
6. | So 596 | Market and Society | 3 | |
7. | So597 | Sociology of Education | 3 | |
8. | So598 | Sociology of Tourism | 3 | |
9. | So599 | Research Design and Writing | 3 |
*Optional courses will be offered on the basis of availability of teaching faculty and number of students.
Master in Population Studies
Why Population Studies must Study at Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus ?
┬аIntroduction
Welcome to the Department of Population Studies of Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus, Tribhuvan University. The Department is offering Three Years Bachelor and Semester-based Master Degree program in Population Studies.
The main mission of the department is to enhance the technical and theoretical understanding along with the knowledge and skills of students on demographic and social sciences required to compete in the global and national job markets. We, basically, focus on preparing competent professionals in the field of demography, social justice, proposal writing, monitoring and evaluation, report writing, research and intensive data analysis by applying quantitative and qualitative techniques.
However, the main purpose of the Master Degree in Population Studies is to produce competent demographers with a strong background in the population theory and methods of demographic analysis techniques who can critically analyze the interrelationship between population factors and development with its various ramifications based on primary and secondary data.
Since, demographers are supposed to collect information/data and analyse about basic vital events like birth and death rates, migration, population growth, population distribution, structures, urbanization, environment, reproductive and sexual health and right, contraceptive use, employment status, nuptiality, poverty, access to sanitary status, education, life expectancy, and these statistics are very much essential in the context of national building and development. Demographers are also capable of predicting what will happen in the future based on current demographic parameters, which may be helpful to avoid or plan the potential problems and they may have capacity to study why things happen and what the consequences are, including the effects of population trends on the natural resources and environment for instance climatic changes including various infrastructures.
Salient Features
- RR Campus is the first among the faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Campuses in the Valley, which has started teaching тАЬPopulation StudiesтАЭ as тАЬPopulation EducationтАЭ at undergraduate level since 1980s.
- ┬аIt is centrally located Campus.
- ┬аThe Department has a bunch of experienced and qualified 17 faculty-members:
3.1 Having foreign university degree
3.2 Having latest data analysis and report writing tools and technical skills, who are competent,
dedicated and hard working
3.3 Having intensive work experiences with different field of research in Social Sciences,
Demography and Population Studies
3.4 Recently, three faculty members of the Department have been selected from Nepal to
participate in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) 2018 Fellows Program. The main
purpose of this DHS Fellows Program┬аis to enhance and strengthen the capacity of the faculty
members by providing essential technical knowledge and skills on how to analyze and use DHS
data properly
- Department has regular classes
- Department imparts knowledge on practical and market oriented packages
- Department emphases on field-based research and thesis work by using statistical technique and computer
- Department uses of multi-media modes in teaching learning activities
- Department runs student-friendly learning environment
Who can apply in Population Studies?
- Bachelor Level Course:
Candidates, who have completed grade 12 in any discipline from a national and international university or institute recognized by Tribhuvan University can apply in Bachelor Level.
2 ┬а┬а┬аMaster Level Course:
Candidates, who have completed Bachelor in any discipline from a national and international university or institute recognized by Tribhuvan University can apply in Master Level.
Nature of Course and Teaching Program
The Master degree is a thesis program, which has to be completed over four semesters. The duration of each semester will be of six months. Each semester consists of 5 courses, each carrying 3 credits. The third and fourth semesters have the provision of тАЬoptional coursesтАЭ as well where students will be choosing courses from тАЬoptional groupsтАЭ in addition to compulsory courses. They are also required to submit a thesis worth of 3 credits in the fourth semester as a prerequisite to complete Master degree. Thesis write-up will consist of 75 percent and viva voce will consist of the remaining 25 percent of the total grade of the thesis.
Nature of Examinations and Evaluations System
- Internal Examinations:
Internal Examinations for each course will be held in the department, which worth of 40 percent of the
total grade. Such as:
1.1 One research paper of minimum 7 to 10 pages (double-spaced) is assigned 50 percent of
Internal Grade
1.2 Mid-term examination is assigned 30 percent of Internal Grade
1.3 Attendance, presentation, and active participation in the class is assigned 20 percent of
Internal Grade
- Final Examinations:┬аThere will be held final examinations by Dean Office for each course at the end
┬а┬а of the semester, and they are assigned 60 percent of the total grade.
Grading System
Each course will have 3 credit hours with 48 teaching sessions, which will be completed in 16 weeks of time span. The final grade for each course will be reported in numerical grade from 0 to 4 grade points. To get through the course, students must receive 2.7 grade points. The Cumulative Grade Points will be calculated on the 4 points scale as indicated below:
┬аGrade Points ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬аEquivalent Numerical Grade Points┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬аPerformance Remarks
4.0┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а 90 and above┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬аDistinction
3.7┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а 80-89.9┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬аVery good
3.3┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а 70-79.9┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а First Division
3.0┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а 60-69.9┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬аSecond Division
2.7┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а 50-59.9┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а Pass in individual subject
0.0┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а below 50┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬аFail
┬аCourses of Master degree in Population Studies Offered
The following is the semester wise list of courses designed to offer in Master Degree in Population Studies:
┬аFirst Semester: 5 courses x 3 credit hours = 15 credit hours
Paper | Code No. | Subject Title | Full Marks |
Compulsory Courses┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а | |||
I | Pop. 551 | Principles of Demography тАУ I | 50 |
II | Pop. 552 | Applied Statistics for Population Studies | 50 |
III | Pop. 553 | Demographic Methods for Population Analysis – I | 50 |
IV | Pop. 554 | Population, Health and Development | 50 |
V | Pop. 555 | Population, Resource and Development | 50 |
Second Semester: 5 courses x 3 credit hours = 15 credit hours
Paper | Code No. | Subject Title | Full Marks | |
Compulsory Courses┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а | ||||
VI | Pop. 556 | Principles of Demography тАУ II | 50 | |
VII | Pop. 557 | Population┬а Dynamics and Nepalese Society | 50 | |
VIII | Pop. 558 | Demographic Methods for Population Analysis – II | 50 | |
IX | Pop. 559 | Research Methods for Population Analysis | 50 | |
X | Pop. 560 | Population Poverty and Human Development | 50 | |
Third Semester: 5 courses x 3 credit hours = 15 credit hours
Paper | Code No. | Subject Title | Full Marks |
Compulsory Courses | |||
XI | Pop. 561 | Computer Application in Population Studies (census and survey data analysis) | 50 |
XII | Pop. 562 | Migration and Development | 50 |
XIII | Pop. 563 | Demographic Methods for Population Analysis – III | 50 |
XIV | Pop. 564 | Population, Gender and Development | 50 |
XV (Options) | Pop. 565.1 | Population and Development Policies | 50 |
Pop. 565.2 | Demographics of Ageing and Social Welfare | ||
Pop. 565.3 | Population, Environment and Development | ||
Pop. 565.4 | Urbanization and Urban Rural Linkage |
Fourth Semester:
3 courses x 3 credit hours = 9 credit hours and Thesis 6 credit hours = 15 credit hours
Paper | Code No. | Subject Title | Full Marks |
Compulsory Courses┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а ┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а | |||
XVI | Pop. 566 | Population Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation | 50 |
XVII | Pop. 567 | Demographic Methods for Population Analysis – IV | 50 |
XVIII (Options) |
Pop. 568.1 | Health, Morbidity and Mortality |
50 |
Pop. 568.2 | Reproductive Health | ||
Pop. 568.3 | Population and Social Justice | ||
Pop. 568.4 | Family and Household Demography | ||
Pop. 568.5 | Population and Conflict Resolution | ||
XVIX | Pop. 569 | Thesis | 100 |
Master of Arts in Political Science (MAPS)
Political Science is known as a master discipline and it is very useful, old and important discipline of social science. Now the world is becoming more advanced and challenging for everyone due to the new innovative human idea. Study of Humanities and Social Science give great ideas on human life and gives us the idea on exercising state powers and authority. This subject has a long history in university educational system and it is spread all over the world. In this context, Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus (R. R. College) is going to start Mater Programs in Political Science from 2018 February academic session.
Program
M.A. Program in Political Science (MAPS) is a major discipline under the Faculty of Humanities and Social Science in Tribhuvan University. It is reputed postgraduate program of the University and now going to conduct at R.R Campus from 2018.┬а The Campus is renounced Constituent Campus of Tribhuvan University located and central heart of Kathmandu Valley, in which Major Humanities and Social Science Subjects are taught. Basically, this program offers:
- an opportunity to get theoretical and practical knowledge on different dimensions of Political Sciences.
- an in-depth knowledge about multi dimensional approaches to the study of political science in global and local context.
- various methods of research including qualitative and quantitative techniques in general and their application in particular.
Medium of instruction and requirements
As per the provision of rules and regulation of the University medium of instruction will be in English. The Exam (external and internal) will be conducted in English medium, thus students must possess sound knowledge in English.
- As per TU rule, 75% attendance in class work will be compulsory.
Fee structure
- Fee structure will be decided by TU and the Campus.
Administering Examination
- Final exam will be conducted by Dean’s Office of Humanities and Social Science of the University.
Criteria for Internal Assessment
- The students are requires to submit the internal assessment seminar paper, review paper, report, thesis as well as other assigned work to be given by concerned class teacher on time, as decided by the Campus. Overall grading system will be depended on both external and internal examination. The measurement of grading will be based on the following criteria:
S.N. | Assignment | Description | Weightage/Value |
1 | Attendance and active participation in class room teaching | 75% compulsory attendance of total class | 10% |
2 | Individual and group research paper (GRP) | Presentation in class room | 10% |
3 | Term paper and mid-term exam | Presentation in-house seminar | 20% |
4 | Written Examination | Written exam conducted by Dean’s Office | 60% |
┬аCurriculum Structure of Master’s Level in Political Science
┬аFirst Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | MAPS-551 | Political Philosophy | 3 |
Required |
2. | MAPS-552 | Modern Political Theory | 3 | |
3. | MAPS-553 | International Politics | 3 | |
4. | MAPS-554 | Public Administration | 3 | |
5. | MAPS-555 | Research Methodology | 3 |
Second Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | MAPS-556 | Constitution and Government | 3 | Required |
2. | MAPS-557 | Public Policy and Governance | 3 | |
3. | MAPS-558 | Conflict, Peace and Development | 3 | |
4. | MAPS-559 | International Law | 3 | |
5. | MAPS-560 | Politics and Government of Nepal | 3 |
Third Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | MAPS-561 | Comparative Government: Unitary and Federal Systems | 3 |
Required |
2. | MAPS-562 | Politics and Governance of South Asia | 3 | |
3. | MAPS-563 | Nepalese Politics and Political Behaviour | 3 | |
4. | MAPS-564 | ┬аForeign Policy and Diplomacy of Nepal | 3 | |
5. | MAPS-565(1) | ┬аInternational Political Economy | 3 | *Optional
any three |
6. | MAPS-565(2) | Diplomacy | 3 | |
7. | MAPS-565(3) | International Organization | 3 |
Fourth Semester
Paper | Code No. | Title of Course | Credit hrs. | Remarks |
1. | MAPS-566 | China and India | 3 | Required |
2. | MAPS-567 | Diplomacy and Human Rights | 3 | |
3. | MAPS-568(1) | Regional Studies:Middle East | 3 | *Optional
any one |
4. | MAPS-568(2) | Southeast Asia | 3 | |
5. | MAPS568(3) | West Europe and USA | 3 | |
6. | MAPS-569 | Thesis Writing | 6 |
*┬а┬а┬а Optional courses will be offered on the basis of availability of teaching faculty and number of students and Thesis Writing has made a compulsory for each and every student for the completion of Master’s Degree in Political Science. It is equivalent to Two Papers, i.e. Six Credit hours in Final Fourth Semester.
рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░
рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрдп
рдпрд╕ рд░рддреНрди рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпрд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдореА рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рд░ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣рдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ред рддреНрд░рд┐рднреБрд╡рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╡реАрдгрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгрдкрддреНрд░ рддрд╣ рдкрдврд╛рдЙрдиреНрдЬреЗрд▓ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╡реАрдгрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгрдкрддреНрд░, рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рд░ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддреАрди рдУрдЯреИ рддрд╣рдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдБрджреИ рдЖрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ ред рдкреНрд░рд╡реАрдгрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдг рдкрддреНрд░ рддрдерд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рддрд╣рдорд╛ рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рд░ рдРрдЪреНрдЫрд┐рдХ рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдереНрдпреЛ ред рд╣рд╛рд▓ рддреНрд░рд┐рднреБрд╡рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрд▓реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╡реАрдгрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдорд╛рдгрдкрддреНрд░ рддрд╣ тАШрдлреЗрдЬ рдЖрдЙрдЯтАЩ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдкрд░рд┐рдкреНрд░реЗрдХреНрд╖реНрдпрдорд╛ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рд░ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣рдорд╛ рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдРрдЪреНрдЫрд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ ┬а┬а┬ард╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ред
рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рддрд╣
рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХ рддрд╣рдХреЛ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдорд╛ резрежреж рдкреВрд░реНрдгрд╛рдЩреНрдХрдХреЛ рдЕрдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░реНрдп рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ рднрдиреЗ рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ, рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд░ рддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдорд╛ рдЧрд░реА релрежреж рдкреВрд░реНрдгрд╛рдЩреНрдХрдХреЛ рдРрдЪреНрдЫрд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫ ред рдРрдЪреНрдЫрд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдирд▓рд┐рдИ рдЕрд░реВ рдиреИ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдвреНрдиреЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдкрдирд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдореВрд▓рдХ рдкрддреНрд░ рдЕрдиреНрддрд░реНрдЧрдд рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдХреИ тАШрдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдореВрд▓рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдкрддреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рддрд╛тАЩ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рд┐рдд рднрдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред рд╕реНрдирддрд╛рдХ рддрд╣ рддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдХреЛ рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рджрд┐рдЗрд╕рдХреЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рдРрдЪреНрдЫрд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рд▓рд┐рдиреЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд╣реЛрдЗрди, рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рд▓рд┐рдПрд░ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реЗрдХрд╛ рд╕рдмреИ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реВ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдЕрдиреНрддрд░реНрдЧрддрдХреИ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдореВрд▓рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдкрддреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рддрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдкреНрд░рддрд┐ рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рд┐рдд рд╣реБрдБрджреИ рдЖрдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред
рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣
рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рд╡рд┐.рд╕рдВ. реирежрелрей рд╕рд╛рд▓рдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣рдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╕реБрд░реБ рднрдПрдХреЛ┬а ┬ард╣реЛ ред рд░рд╛рддреНрд░рд┐ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдорд╛ рдХрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдпрд╕ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдорд╛┬а рд╕реБрд░реБрдХрд╛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдиреИ рдЙрддреНрд╕рд╛рд╣рдЬрдирдХ рд╕рдЩреНрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдорд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЧрд░реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЗ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рдЪрд▓реБрдиреНрдЬреЗрд▓ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдХрд░рд┐рдм резрелреж рд░ рддреНрдпрд╕рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рднрдИ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реНрдереЗ ред
рд╡рд░реНрд╖реЗ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реАрдХреЛ рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╡рд░реНрд╖рдХреЛ рджрд╕реМрдБ рдкрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЬрдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рд▓реЗрдЦрд╛рдЗрдиреЗ рд╢реЛрдзрдкрддреНрд░ рддрдерд╛ рд╕реГрдЬрдирдкрддреНрд░рдХреЛ рд╕реНрддрд░реАрдпрддрд╛ рджреЗрдЦреЗрд░ рдиреИ рдЖрдлреВ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реНрди рдЖрдПрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рднрдирд╛рдЗ рдЫ ред рдпрд╣рд╛рдБ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрд╡рд╕реНрддреБрдХреЛ рдЧрд╣рд┐рд░рд╛рдЗ, рд╢реЛрдзрдкрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрдирдорд╛ рдкрд╛рд▓рди рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рд╢реЛрдз рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐, рд▓реЗрдЦрдирдХрд╛ рдврд╛рдБрдЪрд╛ рд░ рд╢реИрд▓реАрдорд╛ рдЕрджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рдзрд┐ рднрдИ рд╢реЛрдзрдкрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрдирдорд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдЕрднреНрдпрд╛рд╕ рдЧрд░рд╛рдЗрдиреНрдЫ ред рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧрдмрд╛рдЯ рдЧрд░рд╛рдЗрдиреЗ рдпрд╕ рдХрд┐рд╕рд┐рдордХреЛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдмрд╛рдЯ рдкрдирд┐ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдпрд╕реИ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реНрди рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рд┐рдд рднрдПрдХреЛ рдЙрдиреАрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рднрдирд╛рдЗ рдЫ ред
рд╢реИрдХреНрд╖рд┐рдХ рд╡рд░реНрд╖ реирежренрек рд╕рд╛рд▓ (рд╕рдиреН реирежрезрен)┬а рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рд╕рддреНрд░ (рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░) рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реА рд▓рд╛рдЧреБ рднрдПрдкрдЫрд┐ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рднрдПрдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдБ рдЙрдкрддреНрдпрдХрд╛рдХрд╛ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рд╕рдмреИрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рднрдИ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░рд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред реирежренрек рдХреЛ рдорд╛рдШреЗ рд╕рддреНрд░ (рд╕рдиреН реирежрезрео) рдорд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдХрд░рд┐рдм рдХрд░рд┐рдм рекреж рдЬрдирд╛ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд▓реЗ рдпрд╕реИ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реНрди рднрдиреА рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рдлрд╛рд░рдо рднрд░реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред
рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдпрдорд╛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рд╣реБрдБрджрд╛рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдиреИ рджрдХреНрд╖ рддрдерд╛ рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡реА рдкреНрд░рд╛рдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рдВрд▓рдЧреНрди рд╣реБрдиреБрд╣реБрдиреНрдереНрдпреЛ ред рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд╡рд╛рд░рд┐рдзрд┐ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрднрдПрдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдореИрддреНрд░реА рдПрд╡рдВ рдкреНрд░рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐ рдореИрддреНрд░реА рд╡рд╛рддрд╛рд╡рд░рдгрдорд╛ рд╕реМрд╣рд╛рд░реНрджрдкреВрд░реНрдг рдврдЩреНрдЧрд▓реЗ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрди рдЧрд░рд╛рдПрд░ рдорди рдЬрд┐рддреНрди рд╕рдлрд▓ рднрдПрдХреИрд▓реЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реВ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдЧрд░реНрди рдЖрдЙрдиреЗ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣ рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░рдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрдирд░рдд рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рдмрддрд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреН ред
рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реАрдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрд╛рдкрди рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛
рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реАрдорд╛ рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рднрдПрд░ рдкрдвреНрдиреЗ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯрд╛ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдЯреИ рдлрд╛рдЗрд▓ рдмрдирд╛рдЗрдиреЗ рдЫ рд░ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рдЬрд┐рд░реА рддрдерд╛ рдкрдврд╛рдЗрдХрд╛ рдЧрддрд┐рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐рдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди рд╡рд┐рд╡рд░рдг рддрдпрд╛рд░ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдиреЗ рдЫ ред рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрдХреЛ рд╣рд╛рдЬрд┐рд░реА,┬а рджреИрдирд┐рдХ рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛рдХрд▓рд╛рдк, рдЖрд╡рдзрд┐рдХ рдкрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрди рддрдерд╛ рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрдирд▓рд╛рдИ рд╕рдХреНрд░рд┐рдп рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧреБ рдЧрд░рд┐рдиреЗ рдЫ ред рдпрд╕ рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрдирдмрд╛рдЯ рекреж рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдЩреНрдХрднрд╛рд░ рд╡рд╣рди рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЫ рд░ ремреж рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рд╢рдд рдЕрдЩреНрдХрдХреЛ рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛┬а рд▓рд┐рдЗрдиреЗ рдЫ ред
рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛
рдЙрдкрд░реНрдпреБрдХреНрдд рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░рдХреЛ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рджреБрдИ рдкреНрд░рдХреГрддрд┐рдХреЛ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЫ
(рез)┬а рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди (реи) рд╕рддреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрдд рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛
рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди
рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрдирдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рекреж% рдЕрдЩреНрдХрднрд╛рд░ рдЫреБрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рдЙрдХреНрдд рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рд╕рдореНрдкрдиреНрди рдЧрд░реНрди рдирд┐рд░реНрджрд┐рд╖реНрдЯ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рдЕрдиреНрддрд░реНрдЧрдд рд░рд╣реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдХрджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдирд┐рдореНрди рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд╣рд░реВ рдЕрд╡рд▓рдореНрдмрди рдЧрд░рд┐рдиреЗ рдЫ
рдЙрдкрд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ тАУ рел рдЕрдЩреНрдХ
рд╢рд┐рдХреНрд╖рдг рд╕рд┐рдХрд╛рдЗрдорд╛ рд╕рд╣рднрд╛рдЧрд┐рддрд╛- рел рдЕрдЩреНрдХ
рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ рдЖрдирддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди- резреж рдЕрдЩреНрдХ
рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рдЖрдиреНрддрд░рд┐рдХ рдореВрд▓реНрдпрд╛рдЩреНрдХрди- реиреж рдЕрдЩреНрдХ
рдмрд╛рд╣реНрдп рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛
рд╣рд░реЗрдХ рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░рдХреЛ рдЕрдиреНрддрдорд╛ рддреНрд░рд┐рднреБрд╡рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп, рдбрд┐рдирдХреЛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрд▓реЗ ремреж % рдЕрдЩреНрдХрднрд╛рд░рдХреЛ рд╕рддреНрд░рд╛рдиреНрдд рдкрд░реАрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рд▓рд┐рдиреЗ рдЫ ред
рддреНрд░рд┐рднреБрд╡рди рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрдХреЛ рдпрд╕ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рдорд╛рдирд╡рд┐рдХреА рд╕рдЩреНрдХрд╛рдпрдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреНрдЫрдиреН ред рд╡рд┐рдЧрдд рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╡рд░реНрд╖рджреЗрдЦрд┐ рдЕрд░реВ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕рдорд╛ рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдмрдвреА рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереА рднрд░реНрдирд╛ рднрдИ рдкрдвреНрдиреЗ рднрдПрдХрд╛рд▓реЗ рдпреЛ рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕ рд╕реНрдирд╛рддрдХреЛрддреНрддрд░ рддрд╣рдХреЛ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд┐рд╖рдп рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдХреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░реАрдп рдХреНрдпрд╛рдореНрдкрд╕ рдЬрд╕реНрддреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд┐рди рдкреБрдЧреЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред
рд╕реЗрдореЗрд╕реНрдЯрд░ рдкреНрд░рдгрд╛рд▓реАрдорд╛ рдкрдврд╛рдЗ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрдХреНрд░рдордХреЛ рд░реБрдкрд░реЗрдЦрд╛
рдкрд╣рд┐рд▓реЛ рд╕рддреНрд░
релрелрез рдРрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕рд┐рдХ рддрдерд╛ рд╕рдорд╛рдЬ рднрд╛рд╖рд╛рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релрелреи рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдХреГрдд рдХрд╛рд╡реНрдпрд╢рд╛рд╕реНрддреНрд░ (рдХреНрд░реЗ. рдЖ. рей)
релрелрей рдкрд╛рд╢реНрдЪрд╛рддреНрдп рд╕рдорд╛рд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрдд рд░ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рдорд╛рд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релрелрек рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдирд┐рдмрдиреНрдз рд░ рд▓реЛрдХ рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдп (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рек)
релрелрел рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдлреБрдЯрдХрд░ рдХрд╡рд┐рддрд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рдЬрдореНрдорд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. резрем)
рджреЛрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╕рддреНрд░
релрелрем рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рднрд╛рд╖рд╛рд╡рд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релрелрен рдкрд╛рд╢реНрдЪрд╛рддреНрдп рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрдХрд╛ рд╡рд╛рдж рд░ рд╕рдорд╛рд▓реЛрдЪрдирд╛ рдкрджреНрдзрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релрелрео рдкреВрд░реНрд╡ рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдп (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релрелреп рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдирд╛рдЯрдХ рд░ рдЪрд▓рдЪрд┐рддреНрд░ рд╕рд┐рджрдзрд╛рдиреНрдд (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рек)
релремреж рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдЦрдгреНрдбрдХрд╛рд╡реНрдп (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рдЬрдореНрдорд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. резрем)
┬арддреЗрд╕реНрд░реЛ рд╕рддреНрд░
релремрез рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдХрдерд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релремреи рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдорд╣рд╛рдХрд╛рд╡реНрдп (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релремрей рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпреЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрдд рд░ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рд╕рд╛рд╣рд┐рддреНрдпрдХреЛ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рд▓реЗрдЦрди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релремрек рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдХ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рдкрд░рдореНрдкрд░рд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)рез
рд╡рд╛
релремрел рдирд╛рдЯрдХрдХрд╛рд░ рдмрд╛рд▓рдХреГрд╖реНрдг рд╕рдо рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдирд╛рдЯреНрдпрдХреГрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рд╡рд╛
релремрем рдорд╣рд╛рдХрд╡рд┐ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдореАрдкреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдж рджреЗрд╡рдХреЛрдЯрд╛ рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдХрд╡рд┐рддрд╛рдХреГрддрд┐
рд╡рд╛
релремрен рдирд╛рдЯрдХрдХрд╛рд░ рд╡рд┐рдЬрдп рдорд▓реНрд▓ рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдирд╛рдЯреНрдпрдХреГрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рд╡рд╛
релремрео рдХрд╡рд┐ рдореЛрд╣рди рдХреЛрдЗрд░рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдХрд╡рд┐рддрд╛рдХреГрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релремреп рд╢реЛрдз рддрдерд╛ рд╕реГрдЬрди рд╡рд┐рдзрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рек)
рдЬрдореНрдорд╛ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. резрем)
┬а┬а┬а┬а┬а рдЪреМрдереЛ рд╕рддреНрд░
релренреж рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓реА рдЙрдкрдиреНрдпрд╛рд╕ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релренрез рдкреВрд░реНрд╡реАрдп рджрд░реНрд╢рди рд░ рдкрд╛рда рд╕рдореНрдкрд╛рджрди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рек)
релренреи рднрд╛рд╖рд┐рдХ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрдирдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рдкрджреНрдзрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рд╡рд╛
релренрей рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡реЗрд╢реНрд╡рд░ рдкреНрд░рд╕рд╛рдж рдХреЛрдЗрд░рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рди рдХреГрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рд╡рд╛
релренрек рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░ рднрд╡рд╛рдиреА рднрд┐рдХреНрд╖реБ рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдЖрдЦреНрдпрдЙрди рдХреГрддрд┐ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
рд╡рд╛
релренрел рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░ рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдЬрд╛рдд рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдЖрдЦреНрдпрд╛рди рдХреГрддрд┐
рд╡рд╛
рдЙрдкрдиреНрдпрд╛рд╕рдХрд╛рд░ рдзреНрд░реБрд╡рдЪрдиреНрджреНрд░ рдЧреМрддрдо рд░ рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдиреНрдпрд╛рд╕ (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. рей)
релренрен рд╢реЛрдзрдкрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. реи+рек=рем)тАН
рд╡рд╛
рд╕реГрдЬрдирдкрддреНрд░ рд▓реЗрдЦрди (рдХреНрд░реЗ.рдЖ. реи+рек=рем)тАН
рдЬрдореНрдорд╛ рдХреНрд░реЗ. рдЖ. резрем
рдЬрдореНрдорд╛ рдХреНрд░реЗ. рдЖ. резрем+резрем+резрем+резрем=ремрек
рдкреБрдирд╢реНрдЪрдГ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╛рдВрд╢ релремрек рд▓рд┐рдиреЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╛рдВрд╢ релренреи рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд▓рд┐рди рдкрд╛рдЙрдиреЗ рдЫрдиреН ред рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╛рдВрд╢ релремрел рд╡рд╛ релремрем рд╡рд╛ релремрен рд╡рд╛ релремрео рд▓рд┐рдиреЗ рд╡рд┐рджреНрдпрд╛рд░реНрдереАрд╣рд░реБрд▓реЗ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╛рдВрд╢ релренрей рд╡рд╛ релренрек рд╡рд╛ релренрел рд╡рд╛ релренрем рдордзреНрдпреЗ рдХреБрдиреИ рдПрдХ рдкрд╛рдареНрдпрд╛рдВрд╢ рд▓рд┐рди рд╕рдХреНрдиреЗ рдЫрдиреН ред